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An engine, likewise called a motor, is a device that transforms energy into functional mechanical motion. Motors that change heat energy into motion are referred to as engines. Engines come in numerous kinds like for example internal and external combustion. An internal combustion engine normally burns a fuel together with air and the resulting hot gases are used for generating power. Steam engines are an example of external combustion engines. They use heat to produce motion using a separate working fluid.
The electrical motor takes electrical energy and generates mechanical motion through varying electromagnetic fields. This is a common type of motor. Some types of motors function by non-combustive chemical reactions, other types can make use of springs and be driven by elastic energy. Pneumatic motors function through compressed air. There are other designs based on the application needed.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
Internal combustion occurs whenever the combustion of the fuel combines along with an oxidizer in the combustion chamber. In the IC engine, higher temperatures would result in direct force to certain engine parts such as the turbine blades, nozzles or pistons. This particular force generates functional mechanical energy by way of moving the part over a distance. Typically, an internal combustion engine has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston motors and the Wankel rotating motor. Nearly all rocket engines, jet engines and gas turbines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines known as continuous combustion, which takes place on the same previous principal described.
Stirling external combustion engines or steam engines very much differ from internal combustion engines. The external combustion engine, wherein energy is to be delivered to a working fluid like for example hot water, liquid sodium, pressurized water or air that is heated in a boiler of some type. The working fluid is not mixed with, having or contaminated by combustion products.
Various designs of ICEs have been developed and are now available with several weaknesses and strengths. When powered by an energy dense gas, the internal combustion engine produces an effective power-to-weight ratio. Even though ICEs have succeeded in numerous stationary applications, their real strength lies in mobile applications. Internal combustion engines control the power supply utilized for vehicles like for instance cars, boats and aircrafts. Several hand-held power gadgets make use of either battery power or ICE devices.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine utilizes a heat engine wherein a working fluid, such as steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated by combustion of an external source. This particular combustion occurs via a heat exchanger or through the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism that produces motion. Next, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and reused or disposed, and cool fluid is pulled in.
Burning fuel with the aid of an oxidizer to supply the heat is referred to as "combustion." External thermal engines may be of similar use and configuration but make use of a heat supply from sources like for instance exothermic, geothermal, solar or nuclear reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid can be of whichever constitution, although gas is the most common working fluid. From time to time a single-phase liquid is sometimes used. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid changes phases between gas and liquid.
