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There are some commercial and industrial buildings that now exceed 60 stories or more. These buildings all need tall cranes to help transport the materials to the upper floors. There are cranes that are operated from the back of trucks or other types which have their own vehicle attached. Tower cranes are the biggest ones offered on the market.
Tower cranes are the stand-alone structures that are normally found on high-rise building projects. Often, they are part of a major city's downtown skyline. Wherever new construction like for example apartment buildings and skyscrapers and commercial facilities such as shopping center are being built, chances are a crane would be on site.
Kinds
There are two different kinds of cranes: jib crane of the boom crane. The jib is a metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal as it lifts things. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types can vary from 30,000 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The crane's body is composed of a vertical steel mast that is composed of individual sections. The sections are added to be able increase the overall height of the machinery. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, which is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also called. The driver of the crane works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane utilizes a braided metal cord to lift supplies. This cord extends out from a motor located next to the control module to the end of the jib or boom. There is a pulley system situated at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when lifting heavy supplies.
The hydraulic truck crane is a specialized mobile crane that utilizes hydraulic power to raise and transport thousands of pounds. Hydraulics makes use of forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the boom's pistons so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are very important in constructing major projects such as airports, bridges, streets and buildings. A crane can accomplish in minutes jobs that would normally take many hours and hundreds of men to accomplish.
These impressive equipments have played a vital part in building cities, houses, individual buildings and entire nations throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids within Egypt were likely built with the help of basic cranes to enable the heaviest supplies in one of the most awesome construction projects ever.
The very first cranes were established during 3000 B.C. Egypt during the reign of King Ramses. This lifting device was first used to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These devices were utilized to build an entire country throughout the 5th century B.C.
Initially, cranes were first made out of wood. It wasn't until the designers building dockyards decided they needed something stronger and larger did these machinery develop. Hick & Rothwell designed the first cast iron cranes in Bolton, England, in 1834. This machine could lift up to 2 tons. That same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane stronger and more durable. This addition allowed cranes to have a bigger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
Eventually, the wire ropes were weaved together to be able to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added benefit of flexibility. 4 years later, Germany began to make cast iron cranes. The very first cast iron crane built by Germany was made within Neuburg.