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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Moreover, two limit switches are utilized to be able to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or 230 feet.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will at first have to be transported to the construction location by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the machinery part of the jib and the crane. Then, these sections are attached to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be some of the other industrial machinery that is typically used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane could match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. After that, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast part piece.
The definition of a "loaded container" for the purpose of container handling and securing; is a container other than in the empty or tare condition. Containers must be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like wind should be taken into consideration. The word loaded is the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. So as to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the load must be evenly distributed throughout the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an equally distributed load is helpful to avoid lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting. An even load helps to prevent unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is very essential that the designers of containers and handling machines consider in the engineering process. Like for instance, when 60 percent of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
In order to make sure that the machine utilized is perfect for the load, care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Particular attention has to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like for instance a bulk container, a tank container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, great care must be taken when lifting these.
