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The stability triangle and the center of gravity is amongst the key basic operating factors. Amongst the most difficult things for an operator of a lift truck to judge is the importance of maintaining their center of gravity within their stability triangle.
The Stability Triangle
A forklift has a 3-point suspension system. The stability triangle is created when imaginary lines are drawn between these three points. The operator has to make certain that the center of gravity, which is made, together with the machinery and his load, remains within the stability triangle so as to guard against the forklift losing balance and tipping over.
Centers of Gravity
How is the center of gravity defined? When it comes to using a lift truck, we must be concerned not just with the center of gravity of the load being lifted but as well with the combined center of gravity. This comprises the lift truck and the load it is picking up.
The center of gravity of the load is defined as the load center. The load center could be more easily detected in a uniform load situation, like for instance a bale. Like for example, a uniform load on a 48 inch long pallet, would have the load center at 24 inches. This is a common load center for numerous smaller capacity lift trucks. However, if a load is not centered correctly, like with items that are not symmetrical, maybe an engine for example, then a lot of caution and care must be taken in order to estimate the center of gravity.
Furthermore, the lift truck has it's own center of gravity. This shifts each and every time the lift truck picks up a load. Once the load is lifted, the center of gravity shifts forward. A lot of care must be taken so as to maintain the center of gravity within the stability triangle of the forklift. This occurs by following the numbers and not lifting more than the maximum allowable, given the center of the load. As well, the load center must be considered. Be aware that whenever raising the load, the load center shifts forward too.
The lift truck or forklift is a powered machine utilized most frequently for the lifting and transporting of products and supplies in industrial and warehouse environments. These types of machines are usually utilized in the dockside, warehousing, mining and construction applications.
The forklift can be called by many different names, depending on their functions. A few different examples of these names include: stacker trucks, lift trucks, fork trucks and trailer loaders. These machinery are used throughout the world, mostly in the warehousing and manufacturing business.
The first forklifts made their debut during the mid 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when they were used as part of the construction of the 1906 Pennsylvania railroad. At that time, platform trucks were introduced in order to help in the transportation of products. These first platform trucks were battery powered. The trucks regained their popularity during WWI when extreme labor shortages happened because of all the enlisted men. This is when forklifts really arrived on the market to stay.
For forklifts, there are essentially 2 types: ones which handle light cargo and the ones that deal with heavier loads. Lighter units would consist of: side loaders, towing tractors, hand pallet trucks and walkie starters. These machinery are built for handling lighter cargo and they are not suitable for extremely heavy cargo. The specific load capacity of the machine is posted on the equipment itself and in the owner's guidebook. Some examples of the big truck types comprise: truck mounted forklifts, telescopic handlers and walkie order picking trucks.
