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The job of directional control valves is to be able to direct the fluid to the desired actuator. Normally, these control valves consist of a spool positioned inside of a housing made either of steel or cast iron. The spool slides to various places inside the housing. Intersecting channels and grooves route the fluid based on the spool's location.
The spool has a central or neutral position which is maintained with springs. In this particular position, the supply fluid is blocked or returned to the tank. When the spool is slid to one side, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. When the spool is transferred to the other direction, the return and supply paths are switched. As soon as the spool is allowed to return to the center or neutral place, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into place.
Normally, directional control valves are made in order to be stackable. They usually have one valve per hydraulic cylinder and a fluid input that supplies all the valves in the stack.
So as to prevent leaking and deal with the high pressure, tolerances are maintained extremely tight. Typically, the spools have a clearance with the housing of less than a thousandth of an inch or 25 µm. In order to prevent jamming the valve's extremely sensitive components and distorting the valve, the valve block would be mounted to the machine' frame with a 3-point pattern.
The position of the spool can be actuated by hydraulic pilot pressure, mechanical levers, or solenoids that push the spool right or left. A seal enables a part of the spool to stick out the housing where it is accessible to the actuator.
The main valve block is generally a stack of off the shelf directional control valves chosen by capacity and flow performance. Several valves are designed to be on-off, while some are designed to be proportional, like in valve position to flow rate proportional. The control valve is one of the most sensitive and costly components of a hydraulic circuit.
Counterbalance lift trucks are really common pieces of machinery in the material handling industry. They are actually common machinery found in factories and warehouses all over the world. The leading lift truck producers like for example Mitsubishi, Linde and Toyota all construct counterbalance forklifts. They are existing in a variety of fuel options such as gas, diesel or electric. Typically, a counterbalanced forklift truck contains the following parts:
The section meant for the operator called the "cab" and houses all of the steering wheel, dashboard which contains certain readouts, levers, steering wheel plus a variety of switches. The frame of the lift truck is the base for the other components of the machine including the axles, mast and counterweight, the power supply and the wheels. The frame might even have hydraulic fluid tanks and fuel tanks made as part of its assembly. The Mast is the vertical assembly that does most of the work lowering and raising the forklift's load.
The counterweight is a heavy mass of cast iron which is attached to the rear of the forklift truck frame. The counterweights' purpose is to counterbalance all the cargo being carried. Using an electric forklift, the large lead-acid battery itself could work as part of or all of the counterweight. The Power Source can have an internal combustion engine which can be powered by diesel, gasoline, LP gas or CNG gas. Electric lift trucks are driven by either fuel cells that provide power to a battery or electric motors. The electric motors may be either DC or AC kinds.
Fork attachments are various types of material handling attachments that are presented including carton clamps, slip-sheet attachments, fork positioners, roll clamps, container handlers, carpet poles, pole handlers, side shifters and multipurpose clams.
The counterbalanced forklift is the best electric forklift to make use of for parking pallets closely together. Counterbalanced forklifts provide some advantages over straddle-leg styles and fork-over designs. They do have several disadvantages though. A counterbalanced forklift could lift pallets directly off the floor in view of the fact that there are no stabilization legs to interfere. The main drawback of this particular model of forklift is that the weight capacity and lift height would normally be less than the other kinds.
